What is the term for the written statement of facts supporting an arrest or search warrant?

The correct term for the written statement of facts supporting an arrest or search warrant is an affidavit. An affidavit is a sworn statement made under oath, which outlines the facts and circumstances that establish probable cause for the issuance of a warrant. Law enforcement officers typically prepare affidavits to present to a judge or magistrate, detailing the evidence and reasons justifying the need for an arrest or search.

This process is foundational in ensuring that the rights of individuals are respected and that law enforcement actions are based on concrete justifications rather than arbitrary decisions. By requiring a sworn affidavit, the legal system upholds accountability and supports the integrity of the warrant process.

Other terms, such as subpoena, complaint, and indictment, refer to different legal instruments. A subpoena typically orders an individual to appear in court or produce evidence. A complaint initiates a legal action by outlining claims against a defendant, while an indictment is a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime issued by a grand jury. Each of these serves a different purpose within the legal framework but does not function as the foundational document for issuing warrants.