What does the Fourth Amendment primarily protect against?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution primarily protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This means that law enforcement agencies must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant authorized by a judge before they can search a person’s property or seize their belongings. This protection is fundamental to maintaining a person's privacy and liberty, ensuring that individuals have the right to be secure in their homes and personal effects against arbitrary governmental intrusion.

The other options pertain to different rights and protections under the Constitution. For instance, protection against excessive bail is associated with the Eighth Amendment, while protections against double jeopardy and self-incrimination are found in the Fifth Amendment. Each of these amendments addresses specific legal rights that contribute to the constitutional framework for individual protection in the United States, but the specific focus of the Fourth Amendment is clearly on searches and seizures, making it the correct choice in this context.